Nail holes, gouges. Fill with spackle and sand smooth.
Small holes. Cut a piece of cardboard slightly larger than the hole. Insert a string through the center of the cardboard and knot at the back. Push cardboard through hole, center, and hold on to string. Fill hole part way with patching plaster. When plaster has set, cut off string and fill hole rest of the way with more plaster, spackle, or gypsum-board cement.
Large holes. Cut gypsum board back on the sides until at least 94" of the front surface of the studs is exposed. Cut board straight across the top and bottom of the hole. Cut a 2' by 4' into two pieces the width of the opening. Nail them into place along the top and bottom edges of the opening so that the old wall surface and new patch will bear on them. Cut a new piece of gypsum board to fit exactly in the hole. Nail to studs and, if crosspieces of 2' by 4' are sturdy enough, to them. Fill cracks with gypsum-board cement and embed in this strips of gypsum-board tape. Cover with a thin layer of cement. When dry, sand smooth and apply another thin layer of cement in a wider strip. Sand when dry.
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